This study examines the processes of suburbanization in Romania based on census data, with a particular focus on the post-transition period. It highlights that significant suburbanization is taking place around major cities (e.g., Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara), characterized by urban population outflow and the rapid growth of suburban settlements. The phenomenon has led to social, economic, and spatial restructuring, while smaller towns and disadvantaged regions often experience demographic decline. The study identifies three scenarios of suburbanization: absent, emerging, and strong suburbanization. The process is influenced by economic factors, infrastructure development, and differences in the real estate market, accompanied by increasing social inequalities and unregulated land use.

Keywords: urbanization, suburbanization, post-socialist urban development, metropolitan areas, demographic change, spatial restructuring

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The study examines changes in Romania’s religious structure based on data from four post-communist censuses (1992, 2002, 2011, 2021). The research highlights that while the country’s religious composition has remained largely stable, population decline and shifts in denominational proportions indicate emerging trends. These include the growth of the Pentecostal movement, the expansion of neo-Protestant communities, and an increase in individuals with no religious affiliation. Among Roma communities, a notable shift towards evangelical small churches has been observed. The study contextualizes these changes within broader demographic, social, and cultural dynamics.

Keywords: religious structure, census, post-communist Romania, evangelical movements, demographic trends

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The study provides a comprehensive overview of migration processes in Romania, with a particular focus on the post-1989 period of transition, situating migration within the broader framework of globalization. Migration dynamics are analyzed through the dual lens of migration potential and migration capability. The study delineates specific migration regimes as distinct periods shaped by changes in migration capability. Simultaneously, the dynamics of emigrant populations are contextualized within migration capability and shifting globalization dynamics.

Keywords: international migration, migration statistics, migration regime, history of emigration from Romania

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This paper focuses on the demographic analysis of the fertility, natural increase, population dynamics and ageing of Hungarians in Transylvania/Romania. The analysis covers regional variations and the evolution over time of urban-rural differences over the last three decades, from 1990/1992 to 2022. In addition to a complex analysis of the natality and mortality phenomena, the changing age composition and ageing, as well as the decline in population numbers, are some of the consequences. The study also attempts to answer the question whether the crises are associated with fertility decline in Romania, in relation to the European value system effects in the sense of the second demographic transition theory. From a methodological point of view, the analysis is based on demographic macro data, using the 1992 and 2021 censuses and the annual population movement data reported by the INS.

Keywords: natural reproduction, births, total fertility rate in Romania, population of Hungarians in Transylvania, 2021 census

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